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巴黎Musée Bourdelle展覽 |《Back Side》反客為主 背起性感話語權
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巴黎Musée Bourdelle展覽 |《Back Side》反客為主 背起性感話語權

03.10.2019

已經難以分辨,女性到底是喜歡被觀看的動物,還是被主流文化荼毒太深:廣告、電視節目和電影中的 Male Gaze,都把女性投射成男人的情慾對象,皮囊之下的心思意念全都無關要旨。然而一表一裡,是否永遠只能二選其一?要扭轉女人身體的話語權,時裝似乎提供了一個兩全其美的答案:巴黎 Musée Bourdelle 的最新展覽 Back Side,就展示了一系列以背幅設計為焦點的時裝設計,告訴你女性也許喜歡被觀看,但已不介意別人怎麼看。

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it's #fashionweekparis ! Come see our unmissable #fashionshow #BackSide @museebourdelle where fashion and sculpture meet, then read the remarkable #catalogue by @a.samson.paris … . #PalaisGalliera @palais_galliera #fashionmuseum #paris in #collaboration with @museebourdelle #BackSide #DosALaMode #exhibition #MuseeBourdelle #Dos #Back #body #art #Sculpture #dialogue #CristobalBalanciaga #AntoineBourdelle #histoiredelamode #fashionhistory #museumcollection #mode #fashion #fashiondesign

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背後風光

學者和電影製作人 Laura Mulvey 於 1975 年的論文 Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema 中,首次提出 Male Gaze的概念,當中提到電影中的女性,都是以她們的「可觀性」為重點,女人的身體是一場精彩的表演,而男性就是觀眾。而事實上,Male Gaze 不僅由男性操控,女人也同樣可以透過Male Gaze 來評價女性:前年 Emma  Watson 的極具爭議性的雜誌封面,就正正被控訴作為女性主義者,怎麼可能穿著性感,甚至是暴露?女性的乳房總是難以擺脫性的聯想,就連餵哺母乳也不能獨善其身,而相較之下,一片玉背更像是上帝排在女人身上的一幅畫布。不少時裝設計師也以此畫布發揮創意靈感。把焦點放到身後,也就是代表別人的凝視不再支配穿衣者的觀感,把女性從 Male Gaze 中解放出來。

在這前提下,Back Side 展覽就顯得特別有意思。時裝博物館 Palais Galliera 借用了雕塑博物館 Musée Bourdelle的場地, 展示清一色集中於背幅的時裝設計,同時更把時裝衣飾與雕塑並置對比。Palais Galliera 的當代時裝負責人Alexandre Samson 解釋,「展覽需要全方位觀看才有意義。背幅的處理是理解時裝設計的關鍵,一切關乎於視點和體量。」策展人翻查資料庫,搜羅了20年代至今的相關時裝設計。多件難得一見的大師設計,均需要「從後看起」才明白其設計的精髓:有以不同物料點綴,或透過剪裁設計將之縷空,背幅能給予設計師更大的靈活性。而展覽最特別之處,是設計跟雕塑家 Bourdelle 的作品並置,並進行對話。在場有自 Vionnet 和山本耀司手筆的設計,除此之外還有 Balenciaga、Chanel、Balmain 過往的系列,全部也以背部為焦點。

不帶肉慾的性感

在迷戀容貌的世代,後背還是一個謎,更令人心生好奇的一個謎。「那是唯一能逃過我們視線的身體一部分,」協助籌辦今次展覽的心理學家 Perrine Deprez Schumacher 強調。「看不到,部分自己也觸摸不到。背部是我們的盾牌,同時也是弱點;充滿了象徵意義,同時也是讓人幻想的對象,可是它沒有乳房的既定聯想,因此就更引人入勝。」

無數攝影作品,也聚焦於女性赤裸的玉背。不管是 ManRay 還是 Jeanloup Sieff,也透過身體這一塊以表達不同的情感。穿上露背裝就是把自己交到別人的視線之下,「別人可以觀察我們,可是不會知道他們的反應。」Schumacher 解釋。第一位敢於 1910 年,於公眾地方穿上露背裝的,正發生於巴黎歌劇院:Rita Acosta Lydig,一位來自紐約的貴客和慈善家。要是意大利作曲家普契尼早知道,他定必於《西部女郎》首演夜,坐在她的後方,這樣便能同時欣賞自己的劇作和Lydig美麗的身影。自此之後,其他女性也開始利用這誘惑人的武器。沒人能忘記電影 The Tall Blond Man with One Black Shoe(1972)中,Mireille Darc 身穿由 Guy Laroche 設計的露背晚裝裙:正面看黑色樽領款式非常保守;側面看卻是令人心跳加速的大膽剪裁,電影史上前所未見。Schumacher 解釋,「裙子露出了低腰的腰窩,但又點到即止,這正是裙子最有趣的地方。從夏娃起,赤裸的背脊一直令人類叩問何謂女人。所有女性時裝設計師窮一生也在嘗試回答這個問題。」

Back Side/Dos à la mode 》展覽
日期:即日起至 11 月 17 日
地點:Musée Bourdelle, 18, Rue Antoine Bourdelle 75015 Paris

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